IGCSE Sociology Practice Exam

A broad concept of universal rights includes political rights as part of a larger framework. Civil liberties cover freedoms from government interference, like free speech, freedom of belief, and privacy. Political rights go further by enabling people to participate in political life—voting, running for office, and joining political parties. The term that best fits “a broader concept that includes political rights beyond civil liberties” is one that encompasses all these rights and more, which is human rights. Human rights provide a universal standard that applies to every person and includes civil liberties, political rights, and additional rights such as the right to education, the right to work, and protection from torture. The other terms don’t fit as well: civil rights is a narrower idea focused on equality before the law within a society; life chances describe chances in life outcomes, not a rights framework; and working class is a social group, not a rights concept.